Old Trapper Old Fashioned Beef Jerky, 10 Oz.
From offscreen friendships and jarring pay inequality to the special effects and makeup tricks that brought some of the world'southward favorite film characters to life, The Wizard of Oz (1939) had then much going on backside the emerald drapery and the Technicolor gloss of an amazing fantasy world.
In honor of the 80th anniversary of the picture, follow the yellow brick slideshow to peek behind that drapery and acquire more most the secrets and fun facts that make the beloved film a timeless classic.
Margaret Hamilton Was a Fan Before the Motion picture
As a self-proclaimed lifelong fan of Fifty. Frank Baum'south Oz series, Margaret Hamilton was thrilled to be considered for a part in the 1939 picture show adaptation. Hamilton chosen her amanuensis to enquire which graphic symbol the producers wanted her to play, and her amanuensis famously said, "The witch — who else?"
Hamilton, a unmarried mother, fought MGM for an agreed upon amount of guaranteed work fourth dimension. Iii days before filming began, the studio agreed to a five-week deal. In the end, Hamilton was on set for three months, merely many of her scenes were cut for being too scary for audiences.
Dorothy'south Original Look Was More Movie Star Than Farm Girl
Sure, Dorothy Gale doesn't need prosthetics or aluminum makeup, but that doesn't mean Judy Garland wasn't put through the costume section wringer. Although she was immature at the time, the xvi-twelvemonth-old Garland had to wear a corset-like device and then she looked more like a preadolescent child.
Manager Richard Thorpe suggested Garland wear a blonde wig and loads of "infant-doll" makeup (as any preadolescent daughter would…). Luckily, that vision of the grapheme changed. After MGM fired Thorpe, the intermediate director George Cukor nixed the heavy makeup and wig. Instead, he told Garland to be herself. Smart move.
The "Skywriting" Scene Employed Some Peachy Movie Magic
The Wizard of Oz employs a lot of cracking motion picture tricks, and some of the about unique were used in the skywriting scene. In it, the Wicked Witch (Margaret Hamilton) flies above the Emerald Metropolis, leaving the phrase "Give up Dorothy" in her wake in black smoke.
Using a hypodermic needle, the special effects squad spread black ink across the bottom of a glass tank that was filled with a thick, tinted liquid (some speculate milk). They wrote the phrase in reverse and filmed the scene from below. Initially, the skywriting ended with the ominous "Or Die — W W W."
The "Snow" in the Poppy Field Was Actually Dangerous
One of the Wicked Witch'south last-ditch efforts to impede Dorothy'south quest to meet the Wonderful Wizard of Oz involves a poppy field and some magical sleep-inducing snow. While many like to joke that the poppies and their drowsiness are the result of opium (a component of poppies), the scene has a much more than blatant toxic connection than that.
All that magical snow? Information technology's actually 100% industrial-class chrysotile asbestos. Fifty-fifty though the health risks associated with the cloth were known at the time, information technology was however Hollywood's preferred choice for faux snowfall. Our advice to Dorothy? Don't catch any snowflakes on your tongue.
Scarecrow's Makeup Stuck Effectually for Awhile
In the end, Ray Bolger (Scarecrow) was probably grateful in more means than i for Buddy Ebsen (the original Tin can Human being's) willingness to trade parts with him. The Tin Homo's aluminum makeup caused a huge amount of problems for Ebsen, who was replaced by Jack Haley.
Although Bolger'southward makeup experience was meliorate than Ebsen's, he still had some issues. The Scarecrow's makeup consisted of a safe prosthetic, complete with a woven pattern that mimicked the expect of burlap. Later on the picture show wrapped, the prosthetic left patterns on Bolger's face that took more than than a year to fade.
Margaret Hamilton Was Burned On Set
In a burst of flames and red smoke, the Wicked Witch (Margaret Hamilton) vanishes from Munchkinland. Although the scene is terrifying for viewers, it may have instilled more fearfulness for Hamilton. On the get-go take, the fume rose from a hidden trapdoor besides early.
For the second take, Hamilton stood on the trapdoor as planned, but her greatcoat snagged on the platform when the burn flared up. Her copper-containing makeup heated up instantly, causing 2d- and third-degree burns on her hands and face. To make matters worse, the crew tried to remedy her burns with (an even more painful) acetone solvent.
The Flying Monkeys Became Falling Monkeys
The Wicked Witch's legion of flight monkeys — or Winged Monkeys every bit they're called in the source fabric — accept certainly been a source of terror for generations. About as scary as the Witch herself, these henchmen soar onto the scene to kidnap Dorothy and Toto — thanks to the magic of piano wires.
However, the aeriform stunt went awry when several of the pianoforte wires snapped, sending actors plummeting a few feet to the soundstage floor. To create such a vast troupe of monkeys (and cut down on human marionettes), filmmakers fabricated miniature safety monkeys to help populate the sky.
"Over the Rainbow" Was Virtually on the Cut Room Flooring
To no ane'south surprise, the American Film Establish ranked "Over the Rainbow" #1 on a list of 100 Greatest Songs in American Films. But what may surprise you? The (arguably) well-nigh iconic song of Judy Garland's career was nearly cut from the motion-picture show.
Studio execs at MGM idea the vocal made the Kansas scenes besides long. Moreover, filmmakers were concerned that children wouldn't understand the vocal's meaning. Luckily, this unfounded concern melted similar lemon drops. Unfortunately, Garland'south tearful reprise of the song was left on the cutting room floor.
The Tin Man Costume Didn't Allow Jack Haley to Balance Like shooting fish in a barrel
Although Bert Lahr had to schlep around in a 90-pound lion costume, Jack Haley didn't have it easy either. From the lingering concerns about the aluminum paste-based makeup on his face and hands to the minimal flexibility of the "tin" torso and arms, Haley faced some challenges.
Reportedly, his costume was so stiff that he had to lean confronting a board to rest properly. Many years later, actor Anthony Daniels, known for playing the protocol droid C-3PO in the Star Wars films, had the same issue with his rigid costume. It seems even fantasy and sci-fi tin't help folks escape all their problems.
The Original Tin Human Was Rushed to the Hospital
Initially, Buddy Ebsen was cast equally the Scarecrow, but traded parts with Ray Bolger. However, Ebsen'southward new character, the Tin Homo, caused him a globe of bug. Namely, the grapheme's silver makeup contained a harmful aluminum dust that coated Ebsen's lungs.
To make matters worse, Ebsen had an allergic reaction, and, unable to breathe, he was rushed to the hospital. MGM recast the role with Jack Haley (and changed upward the makeup), but didn't explain why Ebsen "dropped out." Although Ebsen didn't appear in the final film, his vocals can exist heard in "We're Off to Run into the Wizard."
A Stocking & Some Miniatures Gave Us the Tornado
The tornado that strikes the Gale homestead is full of practical special furnishings that really concur up. The funnel itself was actually a 35-foot long stocking made of muslin. The special effects squad spun it around miniatures that resembled the farms and fields of Kansas. Confronting the painted properties, the tornado looks menacing.
The Gale house, which falls from the heaven and into Oz, is just a miniature business firm that was dropped onto a sky painting. Filmmakers then reversed the footage to go far look like the business firm was falling out of the clouds.
Hollywood Didn't Pay Up Then Either
Pay inequality has always been an issue in Hollywood. For case, Adriana Caselotti, voice of the titular grapheme in Walt Disney's Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs (1937), made $970 for her performance. The film went on to make roughly $8 one thousand thousand.
According to the Los Angeles Times, Judy Garland'due south pay was better than Caselotti's — playing Dorothy earned her $500 a calendar week — only it still didn't reflect the film'due south success. Even more discouraging, the folks who portrayed the citizens of Munchkinland were paid a mere $50 per calendar week. (Meanwhile, Terry the canis familiaris earned $125 per week equally Toto. A real yikes.)
Bert Lahr'south Lion Costume Was Taxing
Originally, MGM idea information technology might cast its mascot — the actual lion used in the studio's title bill of fare — as the cowardly character. Fortunately, for the safe of the actors and the brute, the filmmakers decided to cast role player Bert Lahr as the anthropomorphic character instead.
To make a disarming creature, the costume department fashioned Lahr a 90-pound outfit fabricated from real lion peel. Even so, the arc lights used on set fabricated things a steamy 100 degrees during filming, which meant Lahr did a lot of sweating unrelated to his character'due south fretfulness. Each dark, two stagehands dried the costume for the next day.
The Initial Box Role Returns Were Uneven
The film started shooting in Oct of 1938 just didn't wrap until March of 1939, racking upwardly an unheard of $2,777,000 in costs. That's nearly $50 one thousand thousand adjusted for inflation. Upon its initial release, the movie but earned $3 million at the box part — nearly $51.8 million by today's standards.
Although that seems impressive for a Depression-era film, think that Disney made $viii million with Snowfall White and the Seven Dwarfs (1937). The Sorcerer of Oz'southward modest success in the U.S. barely covered product and film rights' costs — MGM paid $75,000 to the publisher for those — only success overseas fortunately bolstered the film'due south returns.
The Night Side of Oz in a Time Before "Me Besides"
Judy Garland was just 16 years erstwhile when she was cast as Dorothy. Insecure and lonesome, she became addicted to amphetamines and barbiturates, which were oftentimes given to young actors to help them slumber after studios shot them upward with adrenaline so they could piece of work long hours.
The spotlight — and her damaging contract with MGM — didn't assist, leading to her lifelong struggles with an eating disorder and alcoholism. According to a writer for Express, "[Garland] was molested by older men, including studio chiefs [and head Louis B. Mayer], who considered her fiddling more than their 'holding.'" Moreover, MGM forced Garland to stick to a wildly unhealthy diet of cigarettes, coffee and chicken soup.
The Voice of Snow White Had a Cameo
A few years earlier The Wizard of Oz debuted, Walt Disney's feature-length animated movie Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs (1937) became a smash-hitting. Not only did the film revolutionize the animation industry, it too reinvigorated the fantasy genre.
Disney wanted to follow upward Snowfall White — then the most successful film of all time — with an accommodation of The Magician of Oz, only MGM owned the rights. Past happenstance, Adriana Caselotti, who voiced Snowfall White, had an uncredited office in Oz. During the Tin Man's "If I Only Had a Heart," Caselotti speaks her sole line, "Wherefore art thou Romeo?"
The Ruddy Slippers Are Props & Treasured Artifacts
Keeping in line with the book, Dorothy's iconic footwear was originally silverish, only screenwriter Noel Langley felt the reddish colour would really pop in glorious Technicolor. Designed by MGM'south chief costume designer Gilbert Adrian, the shoes are each covered in about 2,300 sequins.
One of the remaining pairs is on view in the Smithsonian Institution's National Museum of American History. Since the display is and then heavily trafficked, the museum has replaced the carpeting in that location several times. Some other pair were stolen from Minnesota's Judy Garland Museum in 2005, merely the FBI recovered the slippers for the establishment in 2018.
Only Ane Sequence Was Filmed "On Location"
The Wizard of Oz is your archetype adventure story, and Dorothy'southward quest leads her from a Kansas farm to some other world — complete with corn fields, poppy-filled meadows and forests. However, despite all these scenic locations, nearly all the scenes were shot on a soundstage.
As was customary at the time, immense, detailed backdrops were painted by studio artists, making it possible for filmmakers to transport audiences to far abroad places without filming on location. In fact, the only location footage in the film is the opening title sequence — those clouds are 100% the existent deal.
A Second Toto Was Brought In
Toto, played primarily past Terry, is one of the nigh beloved dogs in film history. Terry was famously not a huge fan of special furnishings and tin often be seen running out of a shot when something loud or alarming happens — like when the Tin Man spouts out all of that steam.
After 1 of the Witch's guards accidentally stepped on her, Terry was on bedrest for two weeks. Filmmakers went through ii doubles to find ane that resembled the original canine thespian more closely.
Fun fact: Judy Garland was so fond of Terry that she wanted to adopt the dog.
Margaret Hamilton "Mourns the Wicked" Witch
In addition to existence a huge fan of the Oz books, Margaret Hamilton besides believed her character was more than just your run-of-the-manufactory evil villain. More than than 35 years after the film debuted, Hamilton, donning her Witch'south costume to show kids information technology was brand-believe, appeared on Mister Rogers' Neighborhood, where Fred Rogers interviewed her about the character.
According to Hamilton, the so-called Wicked Witch relished everything she did, just she was also a pitiful, lonely figure. In short, things never went well for the frustrated Witch. Oddly enough, the Broadway musical Wicked also takes this arroyo to the Witch's character.
The "Horse of a Unlike Color" Was Made Possible Cheers to a Nutrient Product
In 1939, audiences were only as amazed as Dorothy, Scarecrow, Can Human being and the Cowardly Lion when the equus caballus in Emerald City took on a rainbow of colors. This "horse of a unlike color" was fabricated possible cheers to a surprising food item…
Jell-O crystals were used to colour the horses, which meant filmmakers had to move apace — the animals were eager to lick upwards the sweet treat. Just the colorful steed isn't the only interesting component in this fan-favorite scene. The horse-drawn wagon was once owned past President Abraham Lincoln and now resides at the Judy Garland Museum.
The Makeup Section Hired on Extra Hands
From the citizens of Munchkinland and Emerald City to the Witch's flight monkeys, so many actors had to undergo a makeup transformation in order to give life to this fantasy film. To keep upward with the daily demands, MGM called upon workers from the studio mailroom and courier service to manage makeup stations.
Since most of the Ozian ensemble required prosthetics, makeup artists — and "makeshift" artists — formed a kind of costuming associates line. Most actors had to arrive earlier 5:00 in the morning — six days a week! — to begin the intensive process.
Memorable (& Often Misquoted) Lines Fill the Movie
The film is chock-full of iconic, memorable songs, and information technology has the not bad fortune of being responsible for some of the most quoted lines in motion-picture show history as well. In 2007, Premiere compiled a list of "The 100 Greatest Moving-picture show Lines" and placed a whopping three of the motion picture's lines on the list.
"Pay no attending to that human behind the curtain" was voted #24, while "At that place's no place like dwelling house" nabbed the 11th spot. Finally, the frequently misquoted "Toto, I have a feeling we're not in Kansas anymore" landed in the 62nd spot.
The Witch's Fire Employed Some Technical Wizardry (& Juice)
Clearly, the technical wizardry — or witchcraft — in the movie is incredible. Like the "horse of a different color" sequence, another iconic, special effects-heavy scene harnessed the power of everyday household items to pull off fun tricks.
Before long after Dorothy arrives in Munchkinland, the Wicked Witch tries to snatch the ruby slippers from the young girl's feet. However, fire strikes the Witch'southward hands, repelling her. This "burn down" is really apple juice spouting from the slippers in a sped-up clip to brand it expect more than flame-similar.
Technicolor Required Some Ingenuity in the Props Department
Experimenting with Technicolor was office fun and function problem-solving for filmmakers. In order to properly capture scenes with the Technicolor photographic camera, the soundstage needed to exist lit with arc lights, which often heated the set up to a toasty 100 degrees.
Subsequently the lights were fix, the experts experimented with what would look all-time on movie, especially in colorized form. For instance, the white part of Dorothy's wearing apparel is actually pink — only considering it filmed improve. And the oil the Tin Man is so excited about? It's actually chocolate syrup.
The Wicked Witch of the East Makes More than Than One Appearance
Part of the Wicked Witch of the West's beefiness with Dorothy is that the young girl dropped a house on her sister, the Wicked Witch of the East, who was the short-lived owner of the carmine slippers. Although Margaret Hamilton already plays both the Wicked Witch of the West and her Kansas counterpart Almira Gulch, she likewise plays the Wicked Witch of the East — if only briefly.
During the tornado sequence, an addled Dorothy looks out her sleeping accommodation window and watches Gulch transform into a witch, her shoes shimmering. For fans, this glint indicates the witch outside the window is wearing the reddish slippers. The restored version of the motion-picture show makes that shimmer fifty-fifty more noticeable.
The Film's Running Time Was Cut Downwardly Several Times
The first cut of the moving-picture show clocked in at a running time of 120 minutes. Although that seems like nothing by today's Marvel movie standards, producer Mervyn LeRoy felt information technology was long and unwieldy and wanted to chop off xx minutes.
After cutting the famed "Jitterbug" number (top right) and an extended Scarecrow trip the light fantastic toe sequence, the moving picture was 112 minutes long. LeRoy held a 2nd preview screening, and, after, nixed Dorothy'south "Over the Rainbow" reprise, an Emerald City reprise of "Ding! Dong! The Witch Is Dead," a scene where the Tin Man becomes a human beehive (Yikes!) and a few Kansas sequences.
And then Much for a "Wicked" Witch
Filmmakers deemed Margaret Hamilton'due south Wicked Witch of the West operation too frightening for audiences and cut or trimmed many of her scenes. Merely non everyone thought her operation was terrifying — namely Judy Garland, who played the Wicked Witch's nemesis, Dorothy Gale.
Off-screen, the moving picture'due south starring foes were actually friends. One story that emerged from the set described Garland excitedly showing off a dress to Hamilton, declaring she was going to wear it for her graduation. Unfortunately, MGM'south Louis B. Mayer sent Garland on a press bout the solar day of her graduation. Upset, Hamilton phoned Mayer and chewed him out.
Giving Credit to Technicolor
In the opening credits, the text reads "Photographed in Technicolor," as opposed to the more apt "Colour Sequences by Technicolor." The phrasing of the credits makes it seem as though the entire film was shot in color. Was this washed deliberately, or was it a pocket-size syntactical faux pas?
It'due south widely believed this was a flake of a stunt done to heighten the surprise of the film turning into total three-strip Technicolor when Dorothy arrives in Oz. Posters made at the fourth dimension of the moving picture's debut made no mention of sepia tint (or "black-and-white"), adding credence to this theory.
Ane of History's Most-Watched Films
Although The Wizard of Oz proved popular in theaters, some other movie released the same year, likewise directed by Victor Fleming, actually topped the box office. (You lot may accept heard of that picayune movie — information technology's called Gone with the Wind.) Nonetheless, MGM'due south musical fantasy may have more staying power than other films of the era, cheers in role to re-releases.
The movie was start broadcast on television on November 3, 1956, and garnered an impressive 44 million viewers. Information technology's believed that The Sorcerer of Oz is i of the ten most-watched feature-length movies in film history, largely due to the number of annual television screenings, theater viewings and various format re-releases.
Source: https://www.ask.com/tvmovies/wizard-of-oz-facts?utm_content=params%3Ao%3D740004%26ad%3DdirN%26qo%3DserpIndex
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